Forging Definition And Concept

2021-10-30 00:00:00

1. Incazelo ye-forging ebandayo

I-Cold forging, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cold volume forging, iyinqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nendlela yokucubungula. Ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana nenqubo yokugxiviza, inqubo yokubumba ebandayo yakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha, isikhunta kanye nemishini. Kodwa okokusebenza ekucubunguleni isitembu ikakhulukazi kuyipuleti, futhi okokusebenza ekucubunguleni okubandayo ngokuyinhloko kuwucingo lwediski. I-Japan (JIS) ebizwa nge-cold forging (i-cold forging), i-China (GB) ebizwa ngokuthi i-cold heading, i-external screw factory ithanda ukubiza ikhanda.

2. Imiqondo eyisisekelo yokubumba okubandayo

Cold forging ibhekisela ekushiseni kwensimbi recrystallization ngaphansi kokwakhiwa kwevolumu ehlukahlukene. Ngokusho theory of metalology, izinga lokushisa recrystallization of ezihlukahlukene metal materials lihlukile. T = (0.3 ~ 0.5) T ncibilika. Izinga lokushisa elincane lokuvuselela kabusha kwezinsimbi ezonileyo nezingezona ayoni. Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa asekamelweni noma izinga lokushisa elivamile, inqubo yokwakheka komthofu nethini ayibizwa ngokuthi ukubumba okubandayo, kodwa ukubumba okushisayo. Kodwa insimbi, ithusi, i-aluminium ukwakha ukucubungula ekamelweni lokushisa kungabizwa ngokuthi ukubumba okubandayo.

Ku-metallics, ukubunjwa kwezinto ezishisiswe ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization (cishe i-700 ℃ yensimbi) kubizwa ngokuthi i-hot forging.

Okwezinsimbi zensimbi, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwecrystallization elingaphansi nangaphezulu kunelejwayelekile izinga lokushisa libizwa ngokuthi ukubumba okufudumele.

Izinzuzo zesihloko esibandayo (extrusion)

Ekwakheni i-fastener, ubuchwepheshe besihloko esibandayo (extrusion) buwubuchwepheshe bokucubungula okuyinhloko. Isihloko esibandayo (i-extrusion) singokwesigaba sokucubungula ingcindezi yensimbi. Ekukhiqizeni, ekushiseni okuvamile, insimbi isetshenziswa amandla angaphandle, ukuze insimbi ekubunjweni okunqunywe kusengaphambili, le ndlela ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi isihloko esibandayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwanoma iyiphi i-fastener akuyona nje indlela yokuguqulwa kwesihloko esibandayo, kungabonakala ngenqubo yesihloko esibandayo, ngaphezu kokucasula, kodwa futhi kuhambisane ne-extrusion eya phambili nangemuva, i-extrusion eyinhlanganisela, ukusika isibhakela, ukugoqa nokunye. izindlela ze-deformation. Ngakho-ke, igama lesihloko esibandayo ekukhiqizeni liyigama lendabuko kuphela, futhi kufanele libizwe ngokuthi isihloko esibandayo (cindezela) ngokunembe kakhudlwana.

Isihloko esibandayo (i-extrusion) sinezinzuzo eziningi, ifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezinsimbi. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

Izinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa insimbi, isihloko esibandayo (ukukhama) kuyindlela yokuncisha, akukho ukusika, njengenduku yokucubungula, izikulufu zesokhethi ye-cylinder head hex, indlela yomshini we-hex head bolt machining, izinga lokusebenzisa insimbi ngo-25% ~ 35%, kanye kuphela ngesihloko esibandayo (ukuminyanisa) indlela, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalo lingaba phezulu njenge-85% ~ 95%, kumane nje kuyikhanda, umsila kanye nekhanda le-hex elisika enye yenqubo yokusetshenziswa.

Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu: uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika okuvamile, isihloko esibandayo (i-extrusion) ukwakha ukusebenza kahle kungaphezu kokuphindwe izikhathi eziningi.

Izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini: isihloko esibandayo (extrusion) ukucubungula izingxenye, ngoba i-fiber yensimbi ayinqunywa, ngakho amandla angcono kakhulu kunokusika.

Ifanele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo: izinsimbi (ezihlanganisa nezinye izingxenye ezimise okukhethekile) ezifanele ukukhiqizwa kwesihloko esibandayo (i-extrusion) ziyizingxenye ezilinganayo, ezilungele ukukhiqizwa komshini we-othomathikhi ozenzakalelayo, futhi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Ngamafuphi, indlela yesihloko esibandayo (i-extruding) iwuhlobo lwendlela yokucubungula enenzuzo ephezulu yezomnotho ebanzi, esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-fastener. Kubuye kube indlela yokucubungula ethuthukisiwe esetshenziswa kabanzi ekhaya naphesheya ngentuthuko enkulu.